Mettre en place un Virtual Host simplement ⋆ Mémo WICOD

Sous Linux, mettre en place un Virtual Host d’Apache2 est très simple. Il suffit de configurer le fichier /etc/hosts en tant qu’administrateur et de créer deux fichiers pour chaque domaine.

Mise en place

Tout d’abord dans le fichier /etc/hosts :


127.0.0.1    domaine-local.com domaine-local

127.0.0.1 domaine-local.com domaine-local

Enregistrer et rendez-vous dans le dossier /etc/apache2/sites-available et faire une copie des deux fichier (default.conf et default-ssl.conf) présents par défaut.

Ensuite renommer comme le domaine entré dans le fichier hosts. L’un avec -ssl évidemment…

Puis modifier ces fichiers, avec le domaine spécifié dans hosts. Ne pas omettre les chemins d’access.log et error.log, ce sera peut-être utile un jour.
A noter que dans le « -ssl.conf » les chemins d’accès des logs sont déjà présents.

Exemple d’un fichier :


<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin mail@mon-projet.com
	ServerName mon-projet.com
	
	DocumentRoot /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/public

	# pour tests depuis des périphériques externes - et appeler http://mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io
	ServerAlias mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io

	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks
		AllowOverride All
	</Directory>
	<Directory /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site>
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride All
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
	<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
		AllowOverride All
		Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
		Order allow,deny
		Allow from all
	</Directory>

#	ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
	ErrorLog /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/error.log

	# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
	# alert, emerg.
	LogLevel warn

#	CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined
	CustomLog /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin mail@mon-projet.com

ServerName mon-projet.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/public

# pour tests depuis des périphériques externes - et appeler http://mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io

ServerAlias mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

AllowOverride All

Order allow,deny

allow from all

</Directory>

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

AllowOverride All

Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

# ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log

ErrorLog /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

LogLevel warn

# CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined

CustomLog /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/access.log combined

Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"

Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Exemple d’un fichier destiné à SSL :


<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
	<VirtualHost _default_:443>

		ServerName mon-projet.com

		ServerAdmin mail@mon-projet.com

		DocumentRoot /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/

		### pour tests depuis des périphériques externes !!! - et appeler https://mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io
		ServerAlias mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io

		# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
		# error, crit, alert, emerg.
		# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
		# modules, e.g.
		#LogLevel info ssl:warn

		ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
		CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

		# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
		# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
		# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
		# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
		# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
		#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf

		#   SSL Engine Switch:
		#   Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
		SSLEngine on

		#   A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing
		#   the ssl-cert package. See
		#   /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info.
		#   If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the
		#   SSLCertificateFile directive is needed.
		SSLCertificateFile	/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
		SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

		#   Server Certificate Chain:
		#   Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
		#   concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
		#   certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
		#   the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
		#   when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
		#   certificate for convinience.
		#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt

		#   Certificate Authority (CA):
		#   Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
		#   certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
		#   huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
		#   Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks
		#		 to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
		#		 Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
		#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/
		#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt

		#   Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):
		#   Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client
		#   authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all
		#   of them (file must be PEM encoded)
		#   Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks
		#		 to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
		#		 Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
		#SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/
		#SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl

		#   Client Authentication (Type):
		#   Client certificate verification type and depth.  Types are
		#   none, optional, require and optional_no_ca.  Depth is a
		#   number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
		#   issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
		#SSLVerifyClient require
		#SSLVerifyDepth  10

		#   SSL Engine Options:
		#   Set various options for the SSL engine.
		#   o FakeBasicAuth:
		#	 Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation.  This means that
		#	 the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control.  The
		#	 user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
		#	 Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
		#	 file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
		#   o ExportCertData:
		#	 This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
		#	 SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
		#	 server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
		#	 authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
		#	 into CGI scripts.
		#   o StdEnvVars:
		#	 This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
		#	 Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
		#	 because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
		#	 useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
		#	 exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
		#   o OptRenegotiate:
		#	 This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
		#	 directives are used in per-directory context.
		#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
		<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
				SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
		</FilesMatch>
		<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
				SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
		</Directory>

		#   SSL Protocol Adjustments:
		#   The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
		#   approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
		#   the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
		#   approach you can use one of the following variables:
		#   o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
		#	 This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
		#	 SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received.  This violates
		#	 the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
		#	 this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
		#	 mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
		#   o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
		#	 This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
		#	 SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
		#	 alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
		#	 practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
		#	 this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
		#	 works correctly.
		#   Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
		#   keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
		#   keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
		#   Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
		#   their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
		#   "force-response-1.0" for this.
		# BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
		#		nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
		#		downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

	</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

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ServerName mon-projet.com

ServerAdmin mail@mon-projet.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/projects/mon-projet/site/

### pour tests depuis des périphériques externes !!! - et appeler https://mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io

ServerAlias mon-projet.com.192.168.1.20.xip.io

# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,

# error, crit, alert, emerg.

# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular

# modules, e.g.

#LogLevel info ssl:warn

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are

# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to

# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the

# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only

# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".

#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf

# SSL Engine Switch:

# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.

SSLEngine on

# A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing

# the ssl-cert package. See

# /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info.

# If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the

# SSLCertificateFile directive is needed.

SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

# Server Certificate Chain:

# Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the

# concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the

# certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively

# the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile

# when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server

# certificate for convinience.

#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt

# Certificate Authority (CA):

# Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA

# certificates for client authentication or alternatively one

# huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)

# Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks

# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided

# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.

#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/

#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt

# Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):

# Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client

# authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all

# of them (file must be PEM encoded)

# Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks

# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided

# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.

#SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/

#SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl

# Client Authentication (Type):

# Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are

# none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a

# number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate

# issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.

#SSLVerifyClient require

#SSLVerifyDepth 10

# SSL Engine Options:

# Set various options for the SSL engine.

# o FakeBasicAuth:

# Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that

# the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The

# user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.

# Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user

# file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.

# o ExportCertData:

# This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and

# SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the

# server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client

# authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates

# into CGI scripts.

# o StdEnvVars:

# This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.

# Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,

# because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually

# useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the

# exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.

# o OptRenegotiate:

# This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL

# directives are used in per-directory context.

#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire

SSLOptions +StdEnvVars

</FilesMatch>

SSLOptions +StdEnvVars

</Directory>

# SSL Protocol Adjustments:

# The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown

# approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for

# the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown

# approach you can use one of the following variables:

# o ssl-unclean-shutdown:

# This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no

# SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates

# the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use

# this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where

# mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.

# o ssl-accurate-shutdown:

# This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a

# SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify

# alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in

# practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use

# this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation

# works correctly.

# Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP

# keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable

# keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.

# Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround

# their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and

# "force-response-1.0" for this.

# BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \

# nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \

# downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

</VirtualHost>

</IfModule>

Installation

Enregistrer et ouvrir une console utilisateur pour y taper :


sudo a2ensite domaine-local.conf

# ET

sudo a2ensite domaine-local-ssl.conf

# PUIS recharger Apache

sudo systemctl reload apache2

sudo a2ensite domaine-local.conf

# ET

sudo a2ensite domaine-local-ssl.conf

# PUIS recharger Apache

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Ceci à créé des liens symboliques de ces fichiers dans /etc/apache2/sites-enable/.
A savoir que a2dissite domaine-local[-ssl].conf désactive le domaine.

Voilà, si il n’y a pas d’erreur au rechargement d’Apache, votre domaine est accessible à l’adresse https://domaine-local.com. Reste juste à accepter l’exception SSL pour l’accès sécurisé.

Mettre en place un Virtual Host simplement

Mise en place

Exemple d’un fichier :

Exemple d’un fichier destiné à SSL :

Installation

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